CodeSep: Low-Bitrate Codec-Driven Speech Separation with Base-Token Disentanglement and Auxiliary-Token Serial Prediction

Hui-Peng Du, Yang Ai, Xiao-Hang Jiang, Rui-Chen Zheng, Zhen-Hua Ling

National Engineering Research Center of Speech and Language Information Processing,
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R.China

Abstract

This paper targets a new scenario that integrates speech separation with speech compression, aiming to disentangle multiple speakers while producing discrete representations for efficient transmission or storage, with applications in online meetings and dialogue archiving. To address this scenario, we propose CodeSep, a codec-driven model that jointly performs speech separation and low-bitrate compression. CodeSep comprises a residual vector quantizer (RVQ)-based plain neural speech codec, a base-token disentanglement (BTD) module, and parallel auxiliary-token serial prediction (ATSP) modules. The BTD module disentangles mixed-speech mel-spectrograms into base tokens for each speaker, which are then refined by ATSP modules to serially predict auxiliary tokens, and finally, all tokens are decoded to reconstruct separated waveforms through the codec decoder. During training, the codec’s RVQ provides supervision with permutation-invariant and teacher-forcing-based cross-entropy losses. As only base tokens are transmitted or stored, CodeSep achieves low-bitrate compression. Experimental results show that CodeSep attains satisfactory separation performance at only 1 kbps compared with baseline methods.

Contents

Model Architecture


Fig.1 An overview of CodeSep with N = 4 as an example. The gray parts indicate modules absent during inference.


Comparison at the Low-Bitrate Condition

Sample 1

Fixed waveform Sepformer_1 Sepformer_2 CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed)


FCTS @ 1kbps_1 FCTS @ 1kbps_2 FSTC @ 1kbps_1 FSTC @ 1kbps_2


Sample 2

Fixed waveform Sepformer_1 Sepformer_2 CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed)


FCTS @ 1kbps_1 FCTS @ 1kbps_2 FSTC @ 1kbps_1 FSTC @ 1kbps_2


Sample 3

Fixed waveform Sepformer_1 Sepformer_2 CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed)


FCTS @ 1kbps_1 FCTS @ 1kbps_2 FSTC @ 1kbps_1 FSTC @ 1kbps_2


Sample 4

Fixed waveform Sepformer_1 Sepformer_2 CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed)


FCTS @ 1kbps_1 FCTS @ 1kbps_2 FSTC @ 1kbps_1 FSTC @ 1kbps_2


Sample 5

Fixed waveform Sepformer_1 Sepformer_2 CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed)


FCTS @ 1kbps_1 FCTS @ 1kbps_2 FSTC @ 1kbps_1 FSTC @ 1kbps_2


Sample 6

Fixed waveform Sepformer_1 Sepformer_2 CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed)


FCTS @ 1kbps_1 FCTS @ 1kbps_2 FSTC @ 1kbps_1 FSTC @ 1kbps_2


Comparison against Higher-Bitrate Baselines

Sample 1

Fixed waveform CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed) FSTC @ 2kbps_1 FSTC @ 2kbps_2
FSTC @ 4kbps_1 FSTC @ 4kbps_2 FSTC @ 8kbps_1 FSTC @ 8kbps_2

Sample 2

Fixed waveform CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed) FSTC @ 2kbps_1 FSTC @ 2kbps_2
FSTC @ 4kbps_1 FSTC @ 4kbps_2 FSTC @ 8kbps_1 FSTC @ 8kbps_2

Sample 3

Fixed waveform CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed) FSTC @ 2kbps_1 FSTC @ 2kbps_2
FSTC @ 4kbps_1 FSTC @ 4kbps_2 FSTC @ 8kbps_1 FSTC @ 8kbps_2

Sample 4

Fixed waveform CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed) FSTC @ 2kbps_1 FSTC @ 2kbps_2
FSTC @ 4kbps_1 FSTC @ 4kbps_2 FSTC @ 8kbps_1 FSTC @ 8kbps_2

Sample 5

Fixed waveform CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed) FSTC @ 2kbps_1 FSTC @ 2kbps_2
FSTC @ 4kbps_1 FSTC @ 4kbps_2 FSTC @ 8kbps_1 FSTC @ 8kbps_2

Sample 6

Fixed waveform CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed) FSTC @ 2kbps_1 FSTC @ 2kbps_2
FSTC @ 4kbps_1 FSTC @ 4kbps_2 FSTC @ 8kbps_1 FSTC @ 8kbps_2

Ablation Studies

Sample 1

Fixed waveform CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed)
w/o ACBG @ 1kbps_1 w/o ACBG @ 1kbps_2 w/o TF @ 1kbps_1 w/o TF @ 1kbps_2

Sample 2

Fixed waveform CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed)
w/o ACBG @ 1kbps_1 w/o ACBG @ 1kbps_2 w/o TF @ 1kbps_1 w/o TF @ 1kbps_2

Sample 3

Fixed waveform CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed)
w/o ACBG @ 1kbps_1 w/o ACBG @ 1kbps_2 w/o TF @ 1kbps_1 w/o TF @ 1kbps_2

Sample 4

Fixed waveform CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed)
w/o ACBG @ 1kbps_1 w/o ACBG @ 1kbps_2 w/o TF @ 1kbps_1 w/o TF @ 1kbps_2

Sample 5

Fixed waveform CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed)
w/o ACBG @ 1kbps_1 w/o ACBG @ 1kbps_2 w/o TF @ 1kbps_1 w/o TF @ 1kbps_2

Sample 6

Fixed waveform CodeSep_1 (proposed) CodeSep_2 (proposed)
w/o ACBG @ 1kbps_1 w/o ACBG @ 1kbps_2 w/o TF @ 1kbps_1 w/o TF @ 1kbps_2